Extrusion analysis of a bolt-reinforced tunnel face with finite ground-bolt bond strength

In this paper a new analytical model is proposed to analyse the displacement behaviour of a tunnel face reinforced by bolts, using the homogenization approach for periodic media. Based on previous works, this new model was developed to take into account a finite bond strength of the grout–soil interface, which is more realistic than the perfect bonding assumption. The interface behaviour is simulated by an elastic – perfectly plastic constitutive law. The interface sliding occurs when the shear stress reaches the bond strength. This new feature allows for a more correct estimate of the bolt tension and the quantitative contribution of the bolt to reducing displacement of the ground surface. Despite using less restrictive hypotheses, the solution process remains sufficiently simple, thus preserving the analytical character of the solution. This new analytical model has been validated by three-dimensional (3D) numerical calculations using the finite difference code FLAC3D and by comparing its predictions with in situ data from the Tartaiguille Tunnel construction project, which forms part of the Mediterranean TGV (high speed railway) network. The developed approach results in simple and efficient design tools, which are very useful at the preliminary design stage of a project.