Rapidly increasing urbanisation along with ageing populations, climate change, environmental degradation, COVID-19, and other pandemics present substantial challenges for people living in cities and other communities. The capacity to identify and respond to urban challenges related to health, equity, and sustainability varies greatly across national and subnational governments around the globe, because of the available human and financial resources, structures of governance and participation, and existing policy frameworks, which are all important determinants of healthy and sustainable urban environments.
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Sá et al. (2022) studied this question.
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