Endometrial Cancer in the Pathological Anatomy Department of the Conakry University Hospital (Guinea): 55 Cases over 10 Years (2015–2024)

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynaecological cancers. It mainly develops in postmenopausal women and is often diagnosed at a late stage. The aim of this study was to contribute to the study of endometrial cancers. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study covering a 10-year period (1 January 2015 to 31 December 2024) focusing on endometrial biopsy specimens and curettage samples received by the department during the study period. Results: Over a 10-year period, we collected 55 cases of endometrial cancer, representing 6.50% of uterine organic pathologies. Patients in the 60-70 age group were the most affected (34.54%). The average age was 46.2 years, with extremes of 29 and 86 years. The majority were nulliparous and primiparous in 34.54% and 25.45% of cases, respectively. Metrorrhagia was the main reason for consultation in 92.72% of cases. Biopsy was indicated for suspected endometrial cancer in 30.90% of cases. The samples examined were mainly from hysterectomy specimens (70.90%). Macroscopically, 60% of cases involved ulcerative-budding lesions and 65.45% involved diffuse localisation. Histologically, endometrioid carcinoma was the most common type (70.90%) and was limited to the myometrium in 46.15% of cases. Histological grades 2 and 3 were the most commonly observed, accounting for 27.27% and 54.54% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: Pathological examination is the only way to confirm a diagnosis of endometrial cancer. In order to limit the margin of diagnostic error, it is necessary to take a representative sample during the biopsy.