Key result
Women had significantly smaller coronary artery diameters compared to men across all major segments, with the greatest difference observed in the left main coronary artery (3.92 mm vs 4.28 mm, p<0.05).
Why the study?
Smaller coronary artery size in females may contribute to their poorer post-revascularization outcomes and morbidity compared to men, an issue also relevant when comparing Indians to Caucasians.
Observational (n=189)
No
Women and South Indian populations have significantly smaller proximal coronary artery diameters, highlighting the potential need for gender- and ethnicity-specific approaches during coronary interventions.
Caution advised applying male norms to women; leaves open need for sex-specific reference values and outcomes data.
Objectives: Women show significant in-hospital morbidity and mortality with greater extent of symptoms, poorer post-revascularization outcome with increased restenosis and repeat revascularization after angioplasty, than men. Smaller sized coronary arteries in females can be attributable for this differential outcome, which is also similar in case of Indians, compared to Caucasians. Our aim is to assess the gender-specific difference in coronary arteries using noninvasive Multidetector Computed-Tomography Coronary-Angiogram(CT-CAG) and comparing the same with other racial database. Materials and Methods: With Ethics committee approval, present retrospective comparative study conducted in 128CT-CAG scans in 18-45years aged 100 women and 89 men with no atherosclerotic burden excluding pathological coronaries and high calcium score>100. Diameter measurements of proximal (≤10mm) segments of right coronary artery(RCA), left main coronary artery(LMCA), left anterior descending(LAD) and circumflex(LCx) arteries were taken, averaged and compared using 2-sample z-test. Considering the obtained mean diameters of total sample as South-Indian dataset which is then compared with Caucasians dataset taken from previous study. Results: Women showed smaller coronary artery diameters compared to men in all the arteries, with greater gender-specific age-adjusted difference in LMCA, followed by LAD, RCA and least in LCX. South-Indians showed statistically significant smaller diameters of all the coronary arteries compared to Caucasians. Conclusion: Gender-specific difference among the coronary arteries does exist, with females having smaller dimensions; South-Indians also show smaller diameters. This warrants a clinician for gender-specific approaches during the interventions because of technical difficulties.
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Thejasree et al. (2022) conducted an observational in Normal coronary arteries (n=189). Female gender vs. Male gender was evaluated on Left main coronary artery (LMCA) diameter in mm (p=<0.05). Women had significantly smaller coronary artery diameters compared to men across all major segments, with the greatest difference observed in the left main coronary artery (3.92 mm vs 4.28 mm, p<0.05).
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