Deformations and pore pressures in the vicinity of a precast, segmented, concrete-lined tunnel in clay

During construction of a 2.16 m diameter tunnel in a soft to firm clay deposit in Thunder Bay, Ontario, an initial array of instrumentation to provide data indicating overall performance and a second array to provide detailed spatial deformation and pore-water pressure distribution were installed. The tunnel lining consisted of unbolted rings composed of four trapezoidal, unreinforced concrete sections assembled within the tailpiece of the tunnel boring machine.This paper presents and discusses detailed observations of soil deformation, pore-water pressure changes, and total pressure on the lining obtained from the second array of instrumentation. The soil stratigraphy was similar to that at the first array and the data obtained are compared with the earlier data. Monitoring of the instruments is continuing and data from the first year of observations are presented.