Cigarette Smoking, Body Mass and Other Risk Factors for Fractures of the Hip in Women
Why the study?
Are cigarette smoking, body mass index, and estrogen replacement therapy associated with the risk of hip fractures in women?
Population
1,658 women, including 209 cases with fractures of the hip/proximal femur and 1,449 controls admitted for…
Comparison
Cigarette smoking, body mass index, and estrogen… vs Never smokers, thinner body mass index, and no…
Design
Case-control
Authors
Discussion
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Member takes
Implication
Should not yet change practice in postmenopausal women; leaves open need for prospective confirmation of these associations.
Structured PICO
Are cigarette smoking, body mass index, and estrogen replacement therapy associated with the risk of hip fractures in women?
P
Population
1,658 women, including 209 cases with fractures of the hip/proximal femur (aged 29 to 74, median age 62) and 1,449 controls admitted for non-traumatic, acute conditions (aged 25 to 74, median age 55) in the greater Milan area, Italy.
I
Intervention
Cigarette smoking, body mass index, and estrogen replacement treatment (exposures)
C
Comparator
Never smokers, thinner body mass index, and no estrogen replacement treatment
O
Outcome
Fractures of the hip/proximal femurhard clinical
In a predominantly post-menopausal Italian population, smoking significantly increases the risk of hip fractures, while higher body mass index and estrogen replacement therapy offer appreciable protection.
Cite This Study
Vecchia et al. (1991) studied this question.