Fermented blueberry pomace ameliorates intestinal barrier function through the NF-κB-MLCK signaling pathway in high-fat diet mice

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(by difference), respectively. Thirty-six polyphenols were identified in FBP. FBP improved the growth of mice and attenuated hepatic and intestinal oxidative stress. Intestinal inflammation was significantly reduced through the decrease of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as well as an increase of interleukin-10 (IL-10). FBP supplementation significantly improved the intestinal morphology and barrier function, potentially by mediating the NF-κB-MLCK signaling pathway. The supplementation of FBP in HFD mice enhanced the intestinal barrier function. This suggested that polyphenol-rich by-products might provide a similar health effect in HFD individuals.