Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of someLinariaspecies from Turkey

The species of Linaria have been used as tonic, antiscorbutic, laxative, antidiabetic, and diuretic, as well as for the treatment of wounds, hemorrhoid and vascular disorders in Turkey. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of different extracts from Linaria grandiflora Desf., L. genistifolia subsp. confertiflora (Boiss.) Davis, L. aucheri Boiss. (Scrophulariaceae) and two isolates (linariin and antirrinoside) from L. aucheri were studied using carrageenan- and PGE2-induced hind paw edema, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema, and p-benzoquinone induced writhing reflex tests in mice. Our findings showed that oral administration of L. aucheri ethyl acetate extract (LA-EtOAc) and L. aucheri 20% aqueous extract, LA-MeOH:H2O(8:2), as well as antirrinoside significantly inhibited TPA-induced ear edema in mice. The remaining extracts and linariin did not show any anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenan-, PGE2-induced hind paw edema, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema models. Moreover, LA-MeOH:H2O (8:2) and antirrinoside displayed significant antinociceptive activity by p-benzoquninone-induced writhing reflex in mice.