Coronary Revascularization in Patients with Hemophilia and Acute Coronary Syndrome: Case Report and Brief Literature Review

The current management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia, is supported by small retrospective studies or expert consensus documents. Moreover, people with hemophilia are less likely to receive invasive treatments like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for ACS compared to those without hemophilia, which could affect their cardiovascular outcomes. A multidisciplinary team with an expert hematologist is essential to properly define the therapeutic strategy, which should balance both the thrombotic and bleeding risks. We report a clinical case that illustrates an alternative revascularization strategy for hemophilic patients presenting with ACS and with a pattern of diffuse coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD), encompassing drug-coated balloons (DCBs) in combination with spot stenting. The proposed approach might avoid a full-length drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation and also allow a short dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) regimen that is desirable in patients at a very high bleeding risk (HBR) like hemophiliacs. Furthermore, we have provided a review of the available literature on this topic and a focus on the main recommendations for managing ACS, in response to the presented clinical case. Finally, this article aims to share information and develop more confidence in the current guidelines on the treatment of hemophiliacs who need myocardial revascularization.