Nanozymes in the Repair of Fundus Damage

Ocular diseases associated with fundus damage, such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal neovascularization, represent significant contributors to severe vision impairment globally. Traditional treatment methods often face challenges, including low drug delivery efficiency, poor bioavailability, and substantial side effects. Nanozymes, a class of enzymatically active nanomaterials, have recently emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to ocular diseases. These nanozymes can effectively alleviate oxidative stress, modulate local immune responses, and inhibit pathological angiogenesis by scavenging reactive oxygen species and regulating inflammasome activation. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms of action of various types of nanozymes as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ocular diseases that cause fundus damage. Furthermore, it discusses recent advancements in the use of nanozymes for treating fundus-related ocular disorders. Finally, this review highlights the current limitations and future directions for nanozymes in the treatment of fundus injury-associated diseases.