Microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices for detection and diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication of prosthetic joint implantation, which poses a significant burden on both individuals and society. Effective treatment relies on the rapid identification of the underlying cause; however, the diagnosis of PJI remains challenging, inefficient, and time-consuming. Current detection protocols based on clinical signs and conventional cultures often fail to provide definitive results. Additionally, advanced molecular analyses of synovial fluid samples, while effective, require specialized personnel and are impractical for on-site applications. This review aims to highlight the potential of microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip technologies in enhancing the identification of PJI, offering a rapid and accurate diagnostic method.