Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy and Gastric Bypass Bariatric Surgery Procedures on Anthropometric and Body Composition Parameters in Severely Obese Patients: A Prospective Study in India

Background: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment option for severely obese patients who fail to achieve significant weight loss through conventional methods. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and gastric bypass (GBP) have gained popularity due to favorable outcomes and low complications. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the impact of LSG and GBP procedures on anthropometric and body composition parameters among severely obese Indian patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted to compare the impact of LSG ( n = 38) and GBP (Roux-En-Y GBP, Mini GBP, and Sleeve Gastrectomy with Duodeno-Jejunal Bypass) ( n = 38) surgery on anthropometric and body composition parameters, followed up at 3-, 6-, and 12-months postsurgery. Results: A significant reduction in body mass index (BMI) and body weight was observed at 12 months versus baseline with comparable weight loss in both the groups. The percentage of excess weight loss and total weight loss at month 3 and the percent of excess BMI loss at months 3 and 12 were significantly higher in GBP group versus LSG group. Significant reduction in neck, waist, and hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio, fat percentage, and fat-free mass (kg) with a significant rise in total body water percentage and muscle mass percentage from baseline was noted in both groups at all-time points. Conclusion: LSG and GBP procedures have comparable effects on anthropometric and body composition parameters in Indian obese patients. The study provides valuable insights into the potential effectiveness of both bariatric procedures as viable options for the management of obesity in the Indian population.