Neuroprotective effect of Bergenin in diabetic neuropathy: modulation of AMPK and NF-κB signaling

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: This study explores the therapeutic potential of Bergenin (BER), a plant-derived bioactive compound, in treating diabetic neuropathy, with a focus on its effects on activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. METHODOLOGY: Diabetic rats were randomly divided into several groups: a control group, an STZ-only group, control groups treated with varying doses of BER (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg), and a group treated with pregabalin (PRE) at 10 mg/kg. After the treatment period, blood samples and sciatic nerve tissues were collected for analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that BER, particularly at the highest dose, produced a sustained reduction in blood glucose levels, indicating a potential dose-dependent effect. BER also significantly alleviated cold allodynia, mechanical allodynia, and mechanical hyperalgesia, supporting its promise as a pain management option for diabetic neuropathy. Treatment with 40 mg/kg BER notably reduced oxidative stress markers and boosted antioxidant levels. Additionally, BER inhibited NF-kβ activity, reduced neuroinflammation, and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and NF-kβ. Activation of AMPK, confirmed by elevated P-AMPK levels, suggests that BER may help restore damaged cellular pathways associated with diabetic neuropathy. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, BER demonstrates strong potential as a therapeutic agent, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress while enhancing nerve function, likely through modulation of AMPK signaling pathways.