The development of Urban-Scale Energy Modelling (USEM) at district or city level is today the goal of many research groups due to the increased interest in applications such as new strategies for city energy supply/demand, urban development planning, or distribution networks stability. It is believed that the assessment of the true potential for energy savings in a city can be done with computer simulation by considering a holistic analysis of the system. The goal of this paper is to provide a review of the existing USEM tools that aim at modelling the dynamic interaction among energy demand, generation and distribution in a city or district through the interaction of different sub-models. The main characteristics covered by the modelling tools are summarised in two matrices. The present study goes beyond other existing review studies by focusing on multi-domain USEM tools and emphasizing the distinction among the different architectures behind them.
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Sola et al. (2019) studied this question.