Why the study?
Models for estimating SCD risk in pediatric HCM do not consider some parameters of routine clinical practice, prompting evaluation of non-classical risk factors and their prognostic value.
Does the addition of genotype and late gadolinium enhancement improve the prediction of sudden cardiac death or major arrhythmic cardiac events in pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy compared to standard European risk models?
Does the addition of genotype and late gadolinium enhancement improve the prediction of sudden cardiac death or major arrhythmic cardiac events in pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy compared to standard European risk models?
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Incorporating non-MYBPC3 genotype and late gadolinium enhancement into standard European risk models improves the prediction of sudden cardiac death and major arrhythmic events in pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Models for estimating the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) used in our setting do not consider some parameters of routine clinical practice. The objective was to identify non-classical risk factors and evaluate their prognostic value. Retrospective observational study, including patients with isolated HCM 0-18 years old, evaluating clinical, genetic, and imaging variables. The risk of SCD or major arrhythmic cardiac events (MACEs) was estimated according to the three most widely used European models (HCM Risk-SCD, European Society of Cardiology [ESC] algorithm, and HCM Risk-Kids), analyzing their predictive capacity by adding genotyping and advanced cardiac imaging parameters. The sample included 77 patients followed up for 5.25 years. Ten (13%) experienced a MACE. We found that MACE was significantly associated with myocardial deformation and positive genotype status, and associated, although not significantly, to late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in cardiac MRI ( P = .062). Events were more frequent (hazard ratio = 18.5; P = .006) and occurred earlier ( P = .022) in association with variants in genes other than MYBPC3 . The inclusion of “genotype other than MYBPC3 ” and “presence of LGE” improved the predictive capacity of the models for the high-risk (C-statistic 0.94 vs 0.84 with HCM Risk-SCD; 0.88 vs 0.74 with ESC algorithm; 0.90 vs 0.80 with HCM Risk-Kids) and intermediate-risk categories (C-statistic 0.88 vs 0.51 with HCM Risk-SCD; 0.85 vs 0.64 with ESC algorithm; 0.84 vs 0.51 with HCM Risk-Kids). The predictive capacity of European risk models improves by incorporating the variables “genotype other than MYBPC3 ” and “presence of LGE”, although larger studies are required to validate their prognostic value. Los modelos de estimación del riesgo de muerte súbita (MS) en miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) pediátrica utilizados en nuestro medio no contemplan algunos parámetros de la práctica clínica habitual. El objetivo fue identificar factores de riesgo no clásicos y evaluar su valor pronóstico. Estudio observacional retrospectivo, incluyendo pacientes con MCH aislada de 0-18 años, evaluando variables clínicas, genéticas y de imagen. Se estimó el riesgo de MS o evento cardiaco arrítmico mayor (ECAM) según los tres modelos europeos más empleados, HCM Risk-SCD , algoritmo de la European Society of Cardiology ( ESC ) y HCM Risk-Kids , analizando su capacidad predictiva al añadir el genotipo y parámetros de imagen cardíaca avanzada. Se incluyeron 77 pacientes, seguimiento 5.25 años. 10 (13%) sufrieron un ECAM. La deformación miocárdica y el genotipo positivo mostraron asociación significativa con los ECAM, y tendencia la presencia de realce tardío (RT) en resonancia cardiaca (p = 0.062). Ocurrieron más eventos (HR = 18.5, p = 0.006) y más precoces (p = 0.022) con variantes en genes distintos a MYBPC3 . La inclusión de “genotipo distinto a MYBPC3 ” y “presencia de RT” mejoró la capacidad predictiva de los modelos en las categorías de riesgo alto (estadístico-C 0.94 vs 0.84 en HCM-Risk-SCD ; 0.88 vs 0.74 en algoritmo ESC ; 0.90 vs 0.80 en HCM-Risk-Kids ) e intermedio (estadístico-C 0.88 vs 0.51 HCM-Risk-SCD ; 0.85 vs 0.64 guía ESC ; 0.84 vs 0.51 HCM-Risk-Kids ). La capacidad predictiva de los modelos de riesgo europeos mejora al incorporar las variables “genotipo distinto a MYBPC3 ” y “presencia de RT”, aunque se requieren estudios más amplios que permitan validar su potencial pronóstico.
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Blázquez et al. (2025) studied this question.
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