Assessing the phenomenon of proxy intervention

This article assesses the phenomenon of ‘proxy intervention’, which has been particularly prevalent since the end of the Second World War and which looks set to be so in future. It takes the view that interstate war is virtually obsolescent as a tool of foreign policy; instead, third parties intervene in what are usually internal con?icts. Theory, historical analysis and a case study of Afghanistan between 1979 and 1989 support this argument. The paper is divided into four parts. Initially, a comprehensive de?nition of proxy intervention is constructed. The concept is then explained by bringing together elements of realist and non-realist theory. Next, proxy intervention is discussed in terms of its varied application by core and periphery nations. Finally, the case study of Afghanistan demonstrates a situation in which national interest and political-military conditions cause proxy intervention to happen. It highlights its advantages and e?ectiveness, and how the ?? used such methods and why. In sum, the article attempts to place this widespread occurrence in a framework that encompasses international-relations theory, history and development.