Transit-timing Variations in TESS: A Catalog from the First 5 yr

We present the first catalog of transit-timing variations (TTVs) in Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) systems with multiple TESS objects of interest (TOIs) using data from Sector 1 to Sector 69, spanning the first 5 yr of mission operations. With an initial sample of 175 multi-TOI systems, we find significant TTVs in 20 systems, 13 of which had not been previously detected. Our results are generally consistent with the findings of previous Kepler Space Telescope (Kepler) TTV catalogs, with compact systems more likely to have detectable TTVs. However, the TTV systems in TESS exhibit a pileup at the 2:1 orbital period resonance, in contrast to the pileup near the 3:2 resonance from previous Kepler catalogs. This provides a tentative indicator that there may be different disk migration recipes that Kepler systems favor versus TESS systems. This catalog is a vital first step in determining which orbital resonances migrating planets tend to occupy at the end of formation, and aims to provide a list of high-impact targets for future in-depth follow-up.