6-trans-Nonenal has been identified as the compound responsible for the off-flavor which frequently appears in fresh, foamspray-dried milks manufactured during the warm summer months in urban areas. The flavor threshold of this compound was found to be less than 0.07 part per billion in fresh, whole milk. Evidence suggests that 6-tra~s-nonenal originates by trace ozonolysis of minor lipid components on the surface of the dried product.
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Parks et al. (1969) studied this question.