A review of Ni-based layered oxide cathode materials for alkali-ion batteries

neutron diffraction, and elemental analysis, are used to simultaneously monitor real-time phase changes, lattice variations, structural distortions, and elemental dissolutions of NLO-based materials. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are discussed as a powerful tool for predicting structural evolution, energy band structures, optimal doping concentrations, and ion diffusion pathways, thereby guiding the reasonable design of these materials. Finally, this review provides perspectives on future research directions and modification strategies for NLO cathode materials in AIBs, aiming to accelerate their deployment in electric vehicles and other energy storage devices. These efforts are expected to contribute significantly to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies and the global pursuit for carbon neutrality.