Evaluation of a 5 day accelerated 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol in major depression: A feasibility study

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective intervention in major depressive disorder (MDD) but requires daily travel to a treatment clinic over several weeks. Shorter rTMS courses retaining similar effectiveness would thus increase the practicality and scalability of the technique, and therefore its accessibility. We assessed the feasibility of a novel 5 day accelerated 1 Hz rTMS protocol. We hypothesized that this novel rTMS protocol would be safe and well-tolerated while shortening the overall treatment course. We conducted a prospective, single-arm, open-label feasibility study. Thirty (30) participants received a one-week (5 days) accelerated (8 sessions per day, 40 sessions total) course of 1 Hz rTMS (600 pulses per session, 50-minute intersession interval) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (R-DLPFC) using a figure-of-eight coil at 120% of the resting motor threshold (rMT). Primary outcomes were response and remission rates on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Response and remission rates 1 week after treatment were 33.3% and 13.3% respectively and increased to 43.3% and 30.0% at follow-up 4 weeks after treatment. No serious adverse events occurred. All participants reported manageable pain levels. 1 Hz rTMS administered 8 times daily for 5 days is safe and well-tolerated. Validation in a randomized trial will be required. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04376697.