Why the study?
Machine learning use to predict postoperative pain and opioid use has surged, but methodological aspects across these studies needed characterization to guide future research.
Population
61 studies developing or testing machine learning algorithms to predict pain or opioid use after surgery
Design
Narrative review
Authors
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ML models for postoperative pain prediction merit cautious exploration; leaves open prospective validation and standardization before clinical use.
This narrative review highlights the increasing use of machine learning to predict postoperative pain and opioid use, emphasizing the importance of patient-reported predictors and identifying methodological variability across studies.
Langford et al. (2025) studied this question.
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