Comprehensive Insights into the ‘Khep’ Phenomenon: Understanding the Full Spectrum from Companies to Commuters in Transforming Gig of Ride-Sharing

In the face of escalating urbanization and traffic congestion, the emergence of ride-sharing applications has triggered a transformative shift in transportation and the gig economy, with “khep” (a new form of contractual rides) emerging as a distinctive and popular ride-sharing phenomenon in Bangladesh. Having a lack of prior research on “khep” phenomenon in the context of HCI and ICT4D, we conduct comprehensive research involving a two-phase data collection to unravel the intricacies of khep . We present the context from the perspectives of both companies and commuters, examining factors influencing the preference for contractual rides over conventional ride-sharing apps. Cultural norms, trust dynamics, affordability, and accessibility are scrutinized alongside the role of technology literacy, marketing strategies, and regulatory frameworks in shaping the adoption landscape. Through a blend of surveys and interviews in each phase, the study provides nuanced insights into utilization patterns, preferences, and challenges within the Bangladeshi ride-sharing industry, with a specific focus on the khep phenomenon. Aligned with HCI labor work, the study’s implications transcend Bangladesh, offering valuable insights for ICT4D and HCI researchers, policymakers, transportation companies, and technology developers seeking a holistic understanding of the factors shaping the preference for contractual rides within the unique context of the khep phenomenon.