A 60-year-old man with esophageal carcinoma in the upper 3rd underwent palliative treatment including photodynamic therapy, brachytherapy, external beam irradiation, and esophageal stenting. He developed a symptomatic malignant esophagotracheo-bronchial fistula that could not be closed by telescope-stenting in the esophagus. Implantation of a self-expanding, covered metal, tracheal bifurcation stent by flexible bronchoscopy resulted in immediate closure of the fistula with an uneventful recovery.
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Lindenmann et al. (2009) studied this question.
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