Drastically improved photooxidation efficiencies,when compared to bulk WO3, are obtained with nanocrystalline WO3 films (see Figure) deposited from a colloidal solution of tungstic acid. Saturation of the photocurrent, which occurs even for moderate potential differences, indicates a completely different mechanism of charge separation. The electrodes should be highly effective for photoelectrolysis of water by sunlight.
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Santato et al. (2001) studied this question.