Thin‐film LiMn 2 O 4 electrodes that are deposited either by electron‐beam evaporation or radio‐frequency sputtering show electrochemical activity between 4 and 5 V vs. metallic lithium. This behavior is significantly different to that expected from a standard Li [ Mn 2 ] O 4 spinel electrode. The unusual electrochemical behavior of thin‐film LiMn 2 O 4 electrodes can be accounted for in terms of a structural model that may be considered as an intergrowth of two spinels, Li 8 a [ Mn 2 ] 16 d O 4 and Li 8 b [ Mn 2 ] 16 c O 4 , where 8a and 8b refer to tetrahedral sites, and 16c and 16d refer to octahedral sites of the space group Fd3m.
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Michael M. Thackeray (1997) studied this question.
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