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June 1, 1946Biometrics Bulletin

Limitations of the Application of Fourfold Table Analysis to Hospital Data

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Implication

Methodological analysis reveals structural differences between laboratory experiments and hospital records, indicating that contingency table correlations in clinic data can be misleading.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the validity and interpretive limitations of applying standard fourfold contingency table correlation metrics to retrospective hospital data.
  • Contrasted experimental prospective cohort designs with retrospective observational hospital data structures using 2x2 contingency tables.
  • Evaluated standard association metrics, including Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, Yule's index of association, and the chi-square test.
  • Experimental designs allocate exposures before observing outcomes, whereas hospital analyses categorize subjects after both exposures and clinical outcomes have occurred.
  • Identical mathematical arrangements yield fundamentally different interpretations in hospital populations due to post hoc selection, producing spurious statistical correlations.

Cite This Study

A 1946 study studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7d2faf149bd8e2c5749674https://doi.org/10.2307/3002000
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