Antioxidants and the Prevention of Neonatal Jaundice: A Narrative Review

Neonatal jaundice, characterized by elevated bilirubin levels in newborns, is a common condition that can lead to severe complications like kernicterus if not managed effectively. Emerging evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development of neonatal jaundice by exacerbating red blood cell breakdown and overwhelming the body's ability to process bilirubin. This review explores the potential of antioxidant supplementation as a therapeutic strategy for mitigating oxidative stress and preventing severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The body's natural antioxidant defense systems, including enzymes like superoxide dismutase and non-enzymatic antioxidants like vitamins C and E, are often underdeveloped in newborns, particularly in preterm infants. This deficiency leaves them more vulnerable to oxidative damage, increasing the risk of jaundice. Antioxidants, which neutralize free radicals, may help reduce bilirubin levels and prevent the escalation of jaundice to dangerous levels.