Why the study?
The study sought to evaluate long-term outcomes in Takotsubo syndrome, whether LV-GLS provides incremental prognostic value, and prognostic cutoffs for LVEF and LV-GLS during an acute episode.
Does baseline LVEF and LV-GLS assessment improve prognostic prediction for all-cause mortality in patients with Takotsubo syndrome?
Does baseline LVEF and LV-GLS assessment improve prognostic prediction for all-cause mortality in patients with Takotsubo syndrome?
In patients with Takotsubo syndrome, baseline LVEF and LV-GLS provide incremental prognostic value for long-term survival beyond standard clinical markers.
May refine mortality risk estimates in Takotsubo syndrome; hypothesis-generating for prospective validation before guiding care.
Background We sought to determine (1) long‐term outcomes in patients presenting with documented Takotsubo syndrome (TS), (2) whether left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV‐GLS) provides incremental prognostic value, and (3) prognostic cutoffs of LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV‐GLS during an acute TS episode. Methods and Results We studied 650 patients with TS (aged 66±14 years, 88% women) who were diagnosed clinically and angiographically between 2006 and 2018. Baseline LVEF and LV‐GLS (using velocity vector imaging) were recorded. The primary end point was all‐cause mortality. TS triggers were unknown (34%), emotional (16%), physical (41%), and neurologic (10%). Mean LVEF and LV‐GLS were 36±10% and −11.6±0.4%; in addition, 94% patients had LVEF <52%, and 80% had apical ballooning. No patient had obstructive coronary artery disease. At a median of 2.2 years (interquartile range, 0.7–4.4), 175 (27%) had died (9% in‐hospital deaths). Multivariate Cox survival analysis revealed that higher age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.35), male sex (HR, 1.75), lower baseline LVEF (HR, 1.02), worse LV‐GLS (HR, 1.04), neurologic trigger (HR, 2.66), and physical trigger (HR, 2.64) were associated with mortality, whereas aspirin (HR, 0.70) and β‐blockers (HR, 0.73) improved survival (all P <0.049). The addition of LVEF and LV‐GLS to clinical markers (age, sex, cardiogenic shock at presentation, and peak troponin I) significantly increased log‐likelihood ratios: clinical (−521.48), clinical plus LVEF (−511.32, P <0.001), and clinical plus LVEF and LV‐GLS (−500.68, P <0.001). On penalized spline analysis, LVEF of 38% and LV‐GLS of −10% were cutoffs below which survival was significantly worse. Conclusions Patients with TS with a neurologic or physical trigger had significantly worse survival than those without such a trigger, with baseline LVEF and LV‐GLS providing incremental prognostic value.
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Alashi et al. (2020) studied this question.
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