The prostate health index PHI predicts oncological outcome and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy - analysis in 437 patients

// Andreas Maxeiner 1 , Ergin Kilic 2 , Julia Matalon 1 , Frank Friedersdorff 1 , Kurt Miller 1 , Klaus Jung 1,3 , Carsten Stephan 1,3 and Jonas Busch 1 1 Department of Urology, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 Department of Pathology, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany 3 Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany Correspondence to: Andreas Maxeiner, email: // Keywords : prostate cancer; biomarker; prostate health index; prostate-specific antigen; biochemical recurrence Received : January 30, 2017 Accepted :April 15, 2017 Published : April 27, 2017 Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the Prostate-Health-Index (PHI) for pathological outcome prediction following radical prostatectomy and also for biochemical recurrence prediction in comparison to established parameters such as Gleason-score, pathological tumor stage, resection status (R0/1) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Out of a cohort of 460 cases with preoperative PHI-measurements (World Health Organization calibration: Beckman Coulter Access-2-Immunoassay) between 2001 and 2014, 437 patients with complete follow up data were included. From these 437 patients, 87 (19.9%) developed a biochemical recurrence. Patient characteristics were compared by using chi-square test. Predictors were analyzed by multivariate adjusted logistic and Cox regression. The median follow up for a biochemical recurrence was 65 (range 3-161) months. PHI, PSA, [-2]proPSA, PHI- and PSA-density performed as significant variables (p < 0.05) for cancer aggressiveness: Gleason-score <7 or ≥7 (ISUP grade 1 or ≥2) . Concerning pathological tumor stage discrimination and prediction, variables as PHI, PSA, %fPSA, [-2]proPSA, PHI- and PSA-density significantly discriminated between stages <pT3 and ≥pT3 with the highest AUC (0.7) for PHI. In biochemical recurrence prediction PHI, PSA, [-2]proPSA, PHI- and PSA-density were the strongest predictors. In conclusion, due to heterogeneity of time spans to biochemical recurrence, longer follow up periods are crucial. This study with a median follow up of more than 5 years, confirmed a clinical value for PHI as an independent biomarker essential for biochemical recurrence prediction.