Study on the Efficacy of Allogeneic Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Induction of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Blasts Maturation

Aacute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a severe hematological malignancy with a poor prognosis. Although chemotherapy remains the standard treatment, its effectiveness is limited, with high rates of relapse. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising alternative, yet its potential for AML prevention and treatment requires further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in promoting the maturation of AML blasts. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 39 AML patients for the isolation of blast cells, while BM-MSCs were derived from healthy donors. An in vitro co-culture system was employed to study the interactions between BM-MSCs and AML blasts, assessing the proliferative capacity of BM-MSCs and their effects on leukemia cells (LCs). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression of specific markers before and after co-culture with allogeneic BM-MSCs, focusing on the induction of AML blast maturation. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of CD13 and CD33 markers in AML blasts following co-culture with BM-MSCs across all samples. Specifically, the expression of CD13 decreased from 70.74% to 5.02%, and CD33 expression was reduced from 69.49% to 5.14%, indicating a marked decline in AML blast populations. In conclusion, the findings suggest that BM-MSCs appear to be effective in inducing the maturation of AML blasts, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for AML management.