Why the study?
Survival of patients with recurrent and metastatic Ewing sarcoma has not markedly improved in the last 40 years, mainly due to drug resistance to traditional chemotherapy and targeted drugs.
This review highlights the complex mechanisms of drug resistance in Ewing sarcoma and points to nanoparticles as a promising strategy to improve patient prognosis.
Nanoparticle strategies for Ewing sarcoma resistance warrant further study; leaves open clinical adoption pending prospective trials.
Survival of patients with recurrent and metastatic Ewing sarcoma (ES) has not markedly improved in the last 40 years; the main reason for the poor prognosis of these patients is drug resistance. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance may occur in response to both traditional chemotherapy and targeted drugs. These complex mechanisms plausibly include instability of the genetic material, enhanced drug efflux and metabolism, positive DNA repair, inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis, miRNAs, the tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cells, autophagy, and the activation of cell proliferation pathways. The development and application of nanoparticles bring new hope for reversing drug resistance in ES, accompanied with encouraging results from preclinical trials. In this review, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in ES and propose putative strategies to overcome this resistance to improve prognosis of patients with ES.
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Zhang et al. (2021) studied this question.
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