Tissue interactions and the initiation of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in the neural crest-derived mandibular skeleton of the embryonic mouse as seen in isolated murine tissues and in recombinations of murine and avian tissues

Mandibular processes from 9- to 13-day-old embryonic mice formed both bone and cartilage when grafted to the chorioallantoic membranes of most embryonic chicks. Isolated ectomesenchyme, taken from 9-day-old embryos did not form bone or cartilage, while older ectomesenchyme formed both. Recombination of the epithelial and ectomesenchymal components confirmed that the presence of the epithelium was a sufficient stimulus for the initiation of both chondro- and osteogenesis. Recombinations between components of mouse and chick mandibular processes showed that 9-day-old mouse ectomesenchyme could respond to chick epithelium but that, although older murine epithelia could initiate osteogenesis from the avian ectomesenchyme, epithelia from 9-day-old embryos could not. These results indicated that an epithelial-ectomesenchymal interaction was responsible for the initiation of both osteo- and chondrogenesis within the mandibular arch of the mouse; that the interaction began at 20 days of gestation; that the ectomesenchyme was capable of responding at 9 days, but that the epithelium did not acquire its ability to act on the ectomesenchyme until 10 days of gestation.