Male Infertility: Epidemiological, Etiological, and Therapeutic Aspects at the Pr Bocar Sidy Sall University Hospital Center in Kati (Mali)

Introduction: Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after at least 12 months of normal, regular, complete, and unprotected sexual intercourse. It affects approximately 180 million people worldwide (WHO). Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological, etiological, and therapeutic aspects of male infertility at the Pr Bocar Sidy Sall University Hospital in Kati. Methodology: This was a retro-prospective cross-sectional study covering a period of 12 months (from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023). The study was conducted in the Urology Department of the Pr Bocar Sidy SALL University Hospital in Kati. It focused on men who consulted for fertility issues during the study period. Results: The most represented age group was 30 - 39 years old (54%), and military personnel were the most represented (41%). Sixty-seven percent of our patients had primary infertility, compared to 33% with secondary infertility. The main history of urogenital infection was urethritis/orchiepididymitis with 46%, followed by urinary bilharzia with 37%. Varicocele was the main cause of infertility and the sperm profile was that of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Varicocele surgery was performed in 87% of cases. Conclusion: Male infertility is a public health problem in Mali, and varicocele remains the most common risk factor.