Risk of Orthostatic Hypotension in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Community-Based Cohort Study

Figures

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  Fig. 1.. Participant flowchart.

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  Fig. 2.. Blood pressure according to posture at baseline by eGFR group. Box-and-whisker plots show blood pressure values for each eGFR group: red boxes represent eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2, green boxes represent eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2, and blue boxes represent eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The x-axis represents posture (lying, sitting, standing immediately after standing up [standing (0 m)], and standing 2 min after standing up [standing (2 m)]). The y-axis represents blood pressure (mm Hg). Statistical significance for group comparisons is denoted by: ****p < 0.001.

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  Fig. 3.. Changes in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) according to postural change in the eGFR group. Changes in blood pressure are shown as box-and-whisker plots for each eGFR group: red boxes represent eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2, green boxes represent eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2, and blue boxes represent eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The x-axis represents ΔSBP variables categorized by postural change (lying to standing, sitting to standing [0 m], standing [0 m] to standing [2 m]) and time point (“baseline” representing measurements taken at the start of the study and “follow-up” representing measurements taken at the 2-year follow-up). The y-axis represents ΔSBP (mm Hg). Statistical significance for group comparisons is denoted by asterisks: **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.005.

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  Fig. 4.. Adjusted odds ratio for follow-up OH according to continuous eGFR in the full cohort. The adjusted odds ratio for follow-up OH with 95% confidence interval (CI) according to continuous eGFR values. Odds ratios were calculated relative to the mean eGFR of the high eGFR group (G1), which served as the reference.

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  Fig. 5.. Adjusted odds ratio for follow-up OH according to continuous eGFR in age subgroups aged 50 years or older and under 50 years. a Adjusted odds ratio for follow-up OH and its 95% confidence interval (CI) according to continuous eGFR values in the subgroup aged ≥50 years. Odds ratios were calculated relative to the mean eGFR value of the high eGFR group (G1) within this age subgroup. b Adjusted odds ratio for follow-up OH and its 95% confidence interval (CI) according to continuous eGFR values in the subgroup aged <50 years. Odds ratios were calculated relative to the mean eGFR of the high eGFR group (G1) within this age subgroup.