Understanding, assessing and managing shock in adults

Shock is a potentially life-threatening condition characterised by impaired perfusion of tissues and organs and inadequate cellular oxygenation. If left untreated, shock can lead to organ dysfunction, organ failure and death. This article explores the pathophysiology of shock and its underlying causes, including key physiological concepts such as blood pressure, cardiac output, preload, contractility and afterload. It examines the different types of shock and their relationship to these physiological concepts, alongside strategies for assessment and management. The authors also discuss the crucial role of nurses in assessing and managing patients with shock as part of the multidisciplinary team.