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August 13, 2026ZooKeysOpen Access

Antibiotics in aquatic environments: a review of occurrence, fate, ecotoxicity and advanced removal technologies

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Implication

Review synthesizes findings on antibiotic presence and removal technologies in aquatic systems, highlighting environmental concerns.

Key Points

  • This review aims to synthesize existing studies on the occurrence, environmental fate, ecotoxicity, and removal technologies for antibiotics in aquatic environments.
  • Comprehensive review of 96 studies on antibiotics in aquatic systems.
  • Comparison of three families of removal technologies: adsorption, photocatalysis, and biological treatment.
  • Analysis includes assessment of antibiotic resistance gene removal alongside the antibiotics.
  • Reported concentrations of antibiotics vary significantly, with Asian systems showing higher levels compared to European ones.
  • Hybrid aerated wetlands achieved removal rates of 87.4–95.3% for antibiotics and 87.8–99.1% for resistance genes.
  • Photocatalysis degrades 90–96% of target antibiotics, but generates toxic intermediates without thorough assessment.

Cite This Study

A 2026 study studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7d75d82b0e0cff3f63ec63https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e210642
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Antibiotics in wastewater and removal efficiency of treatment plants: A systematic review2026 · 3 citations
  2. 2Antibiotics in the Environment: Occurrence, Enhanced Removal Strategies and Future Prospects2026
  3. 3Synergistic Advanced Oxidation and Physicochemical Treatment Strategies for Antibiotic Removal and Resistance Mitigation in Water2026 · 2 citations
  4. 4Research Advances in the Distribution, Migration, Transformation, and Removal of Antibiotics in Aquatic Ecosystems2025 · 4 citations
  5. 5Latest advances in adsorptive decontamination of antibiotics remnants from wastewater by physiochemically fabricated phytowaste materials2024