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Investigation of the physical and mineralogical properties of archaeological sandstone blocks extracted from the burial environment at the Dendera Temple site, Egypt

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Analyzes physical and mineralogical properties of sandstone blocks, revealing deterioration mechanisms in an archaeological context.

The aim is to investigate the physical and mineralogical properties of archaeological sandstone blocks and understand deterioration causes.
Analyzed sandstone and mortar samples using x-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and scanning electron microscopy with x-ray energy dispersion analysis (SEM–EDS).
Conducted physical property tests to assess density, porosity, and water absorption.
Sandstone primarily composed of quartz, with minor carbonate minerals, clay minerals, iron oxides, and soluble salts like gypsum and halite.
Deterioration linked to chemical weathering due to salt crystallization within pores, causing cracking and loss of cohesion.

A 2026 study studied this question.

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