Mechanistic investigation and optimization of a cellulase-additive compounding system for bio-polishing of cotton fabric

Purpose This study aimed to develop an efficient and low-damage bio-polishing process for cotton fabric by optimizing a cellulase-additive compounding strategy. Design/methodology/approach Acidic and neutral cellulases were compared using orthogonal and single-factor experiments. An additive system (PEG2000, galactose, saccharin) was introduced and optimized to enhance performance and reduce fiber damage. Fabric was evaluated based on strength loss, weight loss, pilling resistance, stiffness and smoothness. Findings Neutral cellulase (B866) under optimized conditions (pH 6.5, 53 °C, 2.2% o.w.f., 55 min) achieved a pilling grade of 4.5 with 18.67% strength loss. The optimal compound process (1.8% enzyme, 1.0% PEG2000, 1.5% galactose, 1.0% saccharin) reduced strength loss to 13.95% while maintaining the high pilling grade. The additives functioned synergistically: PEG2000 enhanced mass transfer, galactose stabilized the enzyme and saccharin provided selective fiber protection. Originality/value This work not only presents a novel and efficient compounding system but also elucidates the synergistic mechanism behind its “efficiency-enhancing and damage-reducing” effect. It offers both a practical green solution for the textile industry and novel insights for the design of precision bio-finishing systems.