Joint Profiles of Bullying Victimization and Psychological Well-Being among Adolescents in the PISA 2018 B-S-J-Z Sample: Associations with Parental Support, Teacher Support, and Resilience

Introduction: This study identified joint profiles of bullying victimization and psychological well-being among adolescents in the PISA 2018 B-S-J-Z (China) sample and examined their associations with parental support, teacher support, and resilience. Methods: Latent profile analysis and multinomial logistic regression were conducted on data from 11,570 adolescents (52.1% male and 47.9% female; mean age = 15.8 years) participating in the Programme for International Student Assessment 2018. Results: A 7-class solution was identified, ranging from minimal victimization (high/low well-being) to severe victimization (low well-being). Parental support was associated with higher odds of being in Class 3 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.068, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.019–1.120; P = 0.007) and Class 4 (OR = 1.175, 95% CI: 1.124–1.227; P < 0.001), and lower odds of being in Class 6 (high victimization with low well-being; OR = 0.883, 95% CI: 0.803–0.970; P = 0.010). Teacher support was associated with higher odds of being in Class 3 (OR = 1.048, 95% CI: 1.004–1.094; P = 0.031) and Class 4 (OR = 1.175, 95% CI: 1.130–1.223; P < 0.001). Resilience was associated with higher odds of being in Class 4 (OR = 1.113, 95% CI: 1.071–1.157; P < 0.001) and lower odds of being in Class 2 (OR = 0.879, 95% CI: 0.839–0.920; P < 0.001) and Class 7 (severe victimization with low well-being; OR = 0.929, 95% CI: 0.873–0.988; P = 0.020). Conclusion: These findings reveal the heterogeneity in bullying victimization and psychological well-being among adolescents within China’s distinct socioeducational environment, offering evidence for tailored interventions.