Transphobic bullying in adolescence: a systematic review of psychological outcomes for victims and predisposing factors for perpetrators

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the phenomenon of transphobic bullying, specifically distinguishing between psychological consequences for victims and predisposing factors for perpetrators. Following a search of Scopus, Medline, PsycINFO, Eric database, 53 out of 258 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Results showed that young transgender and gender-diverse victims subjected to violence and bullying experienced severe outcomes, including anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, substance use, self-harm, and school absenteeism. Regarding perpetrators, research identified specific risk factors: neuroticism, social reputation concerns, and aggressive family socialisation patterns associated with gender bashing. This contribution emphasizes the significant negative impact on victims and the variables influencing perpetrators, providing a crucial theoretical basis for future studies aimed at developing interventions to prevent and combat transphobic bullying.