Silver Nano: Advancing Textile Technology, Applications & Environmental Impact

This paper considers multifarious use of Ag NPs and their different effect on some life forms, water consumers, and the ecosystem. Polyethylene (PE)Ag NPs sized 1 to 10 nm for textile uses possess relatively good bactericidal properties with a kill rate of at least 50% for S. aureus and E. coli during cloth laundering with Ag NPs. The study demonstrates that small-sized Ag NPs measuring 1-10 nm perform biocidal functions through effective bacterial killing of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, making them suitable for textile cleaning applications. Additionally, these NPs exhibit better shade-fastness than other NPs. The FDA and NIOSH are exposed to threshold recommendations: FDA norms accept 0 µg/m³ or lower for Ag NPs, and proposed norms state 9 µg/m³ for Ag NPs and 10 µg/m³ for any form of silver. In one-way or another, NGOs (non-Governmental organizations) and some major academic institutions are involved in different interest groups and special scientific aspects of nanotechnology. There is a moderate level of toxicity of Ag NPs to aquatic organisms such as fish and Daphnia magna. This review emphasizes the application and health/eco-toxicity outcomes of Ag NPs, including antimicrobial activity.