What is the best way to collect urine from neonates? Comparison of the success rate and volume using different methods in a repeated measures design

Objective Urine collection from neonates can be difficult. We therefore designed a study to compare success rates and effectiveness of different urine collection methods in neonates. Results Urine collection by compress and by sponge methods were unsuccessful and not further evaluated. Data was obtained from 23 neonates for analysis of effectiveness of the other methods of urine collection. The cotton wool pad achieved the most measurable samples of urine (82%). Wet diaper had a success rate of 78%, clean catch after bladder stimulation 70% and the adhesive urine collection bag recorded success rate of 56%. Differences observed among the success rates between the four methods were not statistically significant. There was notable variability in urine volume collected, with the clean-catch method yielding a median of 7.0 mL and the cotton wool pad only 1.0 mL.