Advancements in Perovskite Solar Cells: Interface and Additive Engineering Innovations

In the photovoltaic field, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are gaining momentum due to the implementation of interface and additive engineering as viable approaches to advance commercialization.Our review begins with an outline of the latest progress in PSCs, followed by essential background information.The primary focus is on recent studies of small molecules and ionic liquids employed in interface and additive engineering to enhance device stability and performance.Ferrocenyl-bis-thiophene-2-carboxylate (FcTc2) and 3,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)-cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione (BED) belong to interface engineering, while 3-ethylbenzo[b]thiophene-1,1-dioxide (PSAD), 1-bromo-4-(methylsulfinyl) benzene (BMMS), 1-(4-bromophenyl)-6,7-diphenylimidazo indolizine (PDPII) and 9-bromo-6,7-diphenylpyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-5-ium hexafluoro-phosphate (DPPIQ + PF6 -), utilized in our previous research, are part of additive engineering.These studies centered around the potential interactions between additives and perovskites and the mechanisms these compounds minimize or passivate defects.Our aim with this review is to shed light on these findings and inspire continued theoretical and experimental investigations.