The water issue in the middle east and transboundary waters: The role of the Euphrates and Tigris in Türkiye-Iraq relations

Water issues in the Middle East significantly influence the region’s geopolitical, economic, and environmental balance. Türkiye aims to promote regional development, energy production, and sustainable water management through projects on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. However, these initiatives have raised concerns in Iraq over water access and agricultural productivity. Committed to fair and optimal use of transboundary waters, Türkiye has occasionally postponed its projects to address neighboring countries’ concerns. Nevertheless, Iraq’s infrastructural deficiencies, inefficient water use, and climate change effects exacerbate its water crisis. Political tensions and historical disputes further complicate the situation. Effective management of the Euphrates and Tigris through cooperative mechanisms is crucial for sustaining peace between Türkiye and Iraq, and ensuring regional stability. Mutual trust and transparent dialogue are necessary to overcome challenges. The study explores the need to view water as a means of cooperation rather than conflict, analyzing the issue from historical and contemporary perspectives.