Elevated LILRB1 expression predicts poor prognosis and is associated with tumor immune infiltration in patients with glioma

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1. Flowchart of the study

• 

  Fig. 2. Differential LILRB1 expression levels in all tumors and correlation with survival in glioma. Differential LILRB1 expression in all cancers between the tumor and adjacent normal tissues (A) and patients with glioma (B) in TCGA. The association between tumor grade and LILRB1 in patients with glioma (C, E). Kaplan-Meier curves of patients with glioma sorted by LILRB1 expression (D, F). ns, P ≥ 0.05; *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001

• 

  Fig. 3. The LILRB1 expression in different grade of clinical glioma samples. The LILRB1 expression in different grade of glioma were statistically analyzed in 38 glioma tissues (A-B). Survival curves for overall survival sorted by LILRB1 expression in glioma tissues derived from 38 patients with glioma (C). The western blot results of LILRB1 expression in 24 patients with glioma (D-E). ns, P ≥ 0.05; *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001

• 

  Fig. 4. Co-expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis in glioma. The heatmap of the top 50 genes of LRLRB1 that are connected positively and negatively in glioma (A-B). The Pearson positive and negative association finding of LRLRB1 in glioma is shown in a volcano plot (C). GO keywords and KEGG pathways of the overlapping differentially expressed genes in glioma are represented in a bar graph (D). ***, P < 0.001

• 

  Fig. 5. LILRB1 functional annotation in glioma. According to GSEA results, the top five KEGG pathways for the LILRB1high include the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Calcium signaling pathway, cardiac muscle contraction, neuroactive ligand receptor interaction and long-term potentiation are the four KEGG pathways in LILRB1low (A). GSEA findings showing varying levels of GO term enrichment in relation to LILRB1 expression. Top five GO keywords for LILRB1high-macrophage activation, regulation of dendritic cell differentiation, neutrophil chemotaxis, regulation of mononuclear cell migration and regulation of leukocyte proliferation. Top five GO keywords for LILRB1low- neurotransmitter transport, synaptic vesicle exocytosis, neuron to neuron synapse, glutamatergic synapse, neurotransmitter secretion (B). Based on FDR value, adjusted P value and NES, GSEA generated all of its results

• 

  Fig. 6. Immune infiltrates and LILRB1 expression in glioma are correlated. 24 tumor-infiltrating immune cell types and LILRB1 expression are correlated. (A-B). ns, P ≥ 0.05; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001

• 

  Fig. 7. Immune infiltrates and LILRB1 expression in LGG and GBM are correlated. B cells, CD4+T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells infiltrations were favorably linked with LILRB1 expression (A). A worse prognosis was associated with greater infiltration of B cells (B), CD4+T cells (C), M2 macrophages (D) and neutrophils (E)

• 

  Fig. 8. Univariate analysis of clinical pathological variables and LILRB1 expression. Univariate analysis of clinical pathological variables and LILRB1 expression for OS (A), DSS (B) and PFI (C). Covariates -LILRB1 expression, age, gender, race, WHO grade and IDH status

• 

  Fig. 9. Multivariate Cox analysis of clinical pathological variables and LILRB1 expression. Multivariate Cox analysis of clinical pathological variables and LILRB1 expression for OS (A), DSS (B) and PFI (C). Covariates -LILRB1 expression, age, gender, race, WHO grade and IDH status

• 

  Fig. 10. Vitro experiments. CCK-8 assay detected the proliferation rate of U87 (A) and U251 cells (B) after co-cultured with Control, sh LILRB1#1, sh LILRB1#2. Transwell results of the Control, sh LILRB1#1, sh LILRB1#2 effect on the migration and invasion of U87 and U251 cells (C-G). ns, P ≥ 0.05; ***, P < 0.001

• 

  Fig. 11. MRI images of typical glioma instances showing both low and high LILRB1 expression levels. Scale bars indicate 10 cm (A). Volumes of peritumoral T2WI abnormalities are distributed in low (n = 19) and high (n = 19) expression groups (B). LILRB1 levels are used to group the distribution of maximum spread distances (C). **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001