Electric-field mask electrospinning enabled elastomer mats with a biomimic pore micro-structure for permeable and robust ultrathin e-skins

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. Besides, ultrathin and permeable film strain sensors were fabricated utilizing polydopamine as an interfacial layer to tightly link TPU nanofibers and silver nanoparticles. The hierarchical pores in TPU mats evacuate local stress distribution to guide microcrack propagation at pore edges while retaining conductive pathways in the skeletons, thereby ensuring tunable sensitivity over a broad strain range. Such film strain sensors enable precise recognition of muscle movements, high-fidelity and sweat-resistant electrocardiogram monitoring, offering a reliable and scalable strategy for developing ultrathin, permeable, and mechanically robust film electronic skins.