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Chelates are the key: A conceptually novel indole ring forming reaction through heteroanulation is available through the palladium-catalyzed reaction of N-alkenylanilides with primary or secondary amines. The key feature is the formation of an unprecedented σ,π-chelated palladium species (see scheme); nitrogen nucleophiles can add to the activated alkyne unit of this species to form the indole skeleton. (X=I, Br; HNR2R3=prim. or sec. amine; Ts=tosyl.)
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Witulski et al. (2003) studied this question.
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