Carbon nanotube tips (see Figure) with controllable length, diameter, and orientation have been fabricated by the dielectrophoresis process. They are capable of delivering high and stable electron-field-emission currents of 3–5 μA (105 A cm–2). The emitters can potentially be used as the field-emission electron sources for precision vacuum electronic instruments such as electron microscopes.
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Zhang et al. (2004) studied this question.
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