Vascular, physical fitness, lifestyle, and body composition characteristics in middle-aged and older diver fishermen: association between shear rate and lower-limb physical fitness

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. CONSORT study design flow chart.

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  FIGURE 2. Vascular measurement (A), physical fitness Ruffier test (B), lifestyle patterns [Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAG)] (C), body composition iDXA measurement (D), equipment characteristics (E), and georeferenced geographic area of the Carelmapu Port (Southern Chile), as the city of the diver fishing participants (F).

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  FIGURE 3. Brachial artery diameter (D BA) (A), peak systolic velocity (PSVBA) (B), end-diastolic velocity (EDVBA) (C), shear rate (SRBA) (D), resistance index (RIBA) (E), pulsatility index (PIBA) (F), and Reynolds number (ReBA) (G) in diver fishermen of the southern Chilean Coast dedicated to mollusk harvesting. Groups are described as middle-aged diver fishermen (MA-DF) and older adult diver fishermen (OA-DF). (#) Analyzed by the unpaired t-test at p < 0.05. (d) Cohen’s d effect size at p < 0.05.

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  FIGURE 4. Common carotid artery diameter (D CCA) (A), peak systolic velocity (PSVCCA) (B), end-diastolic velocity (EDVCCA) (C), shear rate (SRCCA) (D), resistance index (RICCA) (E), pulsatility index (PICCA) (F), and Reynolds number (ReCCA) (G) in diver fishermen of the southern Chilean Coast dedicated to mollusk harvesting. Groups are described as middle-aged diver fishermen (MA-DF) and older adult diver fishermen (OA-DF). (#) Analyzed by an unpaired t-test at P < 0.05. (d) Cohen’s d effect size at p < 0.05.

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  FIGURE 5. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) (A), carotid intima–media thickness average (cIMTav) (B), carotid intima–media thickness maximum (cIMTmax) (C), ankle-brachial index (ABI) (D), and augmentation index of the brachial artery (AIxBA) (E) of the common carotid artery in diver fishermen of the southern Chilean Coast dedicated to mollusk harvesting. Groups are described as middle-aged diver fishermen (MA-DF) and older adult diver fishermen (OA-DF). (#) Analyzed by the unpaired t-test at p < 0.05. (d) Cohen’s d effect size at p < 0.05.

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  FIGURE 6. Handgrip strength right arm (A), handgrip strength left arm (B), and Ruffier test of 45 s “squat” exercise (C) in diver fishermen of the southern Chilean Coast dedicated to mollusk harvesting. Groups are described as middle-aged diver fishermen (MA-DF) and older adult diver fishermen (OA-DF). (*) denotes significant differences by unpaired t-test at p < 0.05. (**) denotes significant differences by unpaired t-test at p < 0.001. (d) Cohen’s d effect size at p < 0.05.

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  FIGURE 7. Physical activity of vigorous (A), moderate (B), and light intensity (C), total physical activity (D), and sedentary behavior (E) in diver fishermen of the southern Chilean Coast dedicated to mollusk harvesting. Groups are described as middle-aged diver fishermen (MA-DF) and older adult diver fishermen (OA-DF). (d) Cohen’s d effect size at p < 0.05.

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  FIGURE 8. Body fat of the arms (A), body fat of the right arm (B), body fat of the left arm (C), body fat of the legs (D), body fat of the right leg (E), body fat of the left leg (F), body fat of the trunk (G), and total body fat % (H) in diver fishermen of the southern Chilean Coast dedicated to mollusk harvesting. Groups are described as middle-aged diver fishermen (MA-DF) and older adult diver fishermen (OA-DF).

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  FIGURE 9. Fat-free mass of the arms (A), fat-free mass of the right arm (B), fat-free mass of the left arm (C), fat-free mass of the legs (D), fat-free mass of the right leg (E), fat-free mass of the left leg (F), fat-free mass of the trunk (G), and total fat-free mass (H) in diver fishermen of the southern Chilean Coast dedicated to mollusk harvesting. Groups are described as middle-aged diver fishermen (MA-DF) and older adult diver fishermen (OA-DF). (d) Cohen’s d effect size at p < 0.05.

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  FIGURE 10. Bone mineral content (BMC) of the arms (A), BMC of the right arm (B), BMC of the left arm (C), BMC of the legs (D), BMC of the right leg (E), BMC of the left leg (F), BMC of the trunk (G), and total BMC (H) in diver fishermen of the southern Chilean Coast dedicated to mollusk harvesting. Groups are described as middle-aged diver fishermen (MA-DF) and older adult diver fishermen (OA-DF).

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  FIGURE 11. Differences (diff) between the body fat % of the arms (A), diff. of the legs (B), diff. of the bone mineral content (BMC) of the arms (C), diff. of the BMC of the legs (D), diff. of the fat-free mass [FFM] of the arms (E), and diff. of the FFM of the legs (F) in diver fishermen of the southern Chilean Coast dedicated to mollusk harvesting. Groups are described as middle-aged diver fishermen (MA-DF) and older adult diver fishermen (OA-DF).