Analytical Applications of Dried Biological Samples: Greenification of Sample Preparation and Treatment Protocols

A dried blood spot is a small sample of capillary blood collected on filter paper, dried, and analyzed. Later, it evolved into the broader approach known as dried matrix spot (DMS), where various biological samples are blotted. In this review, an overview of DMS and their application in biological analysis is provided. The review explores the history and various biological matrices suitable for dried sampling, highlighting different types of collection cards, storage requirements and stability. The subsequent section addresses conventional and modern techniques of sample preparation, including microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction. The paper evaluates the efficiency and scalability of these techniques for high-throughput applications in analytical laboratories, considering their potential to enhance eco-friendliness. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of DMS, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the fields of analytical chemistry and bioanalysis.